A Guide to Python's Magic Methods

 https://rszalski.github.io/magicmethods/

__init__

__repr__

__getattr__

__setattr__

__call__(self, [args...])







context manager

class Closer:
    '''A context manager to automatically close an object with a close method
    in a with statement.'''

    def __init__(self, obj):
        self.obj = obj

    def __enter__(self):
        return self.obj # bound to target

    def __exit__(self, exception_type, exception_val, trace):
        try:
           self.obj.close()
        except AttributeError: # obj isn't closable
           print 'Not closable.'
           return True # exception handled successfully

__copy__(self)
__deepcopy__(self, memodict={})